LLM Data Preprocessing Preprocessing text data is one of the most important steps in training Large Language Models (LLMs). The first step in this process is tokenization — the act of converting raw text into smaller, manageable units called tokens. 1. Tokenization Tokenization can be broadly categorized into three …

📘3. Positional Embeddings 🧠 Why Do We Need Positional Embeddings? In embedding layer, the same tokens get mapped to the same vector representation. That means the model naturally has no idea about token order. For example, consider these two sentences: ✅ Dog bites man ❌ Man bites dog Same words, totally different …

🧠2.Token Embeddings in LLMs They’re also often called vector embeddings or word embeddings. 🔤 From Tokens to Token Embeddings Before a model can “read” anything, it first breaks text into smaller chunks called tokens. Each token is then assigned a unique token ID, a simple integer from the vocabulary. For example: Text …

1. What is Git? Git is a distributed version control system (DVCS) that helps track changes in code and coordinate work between multiple people. It works locally on your machine and allows you to: Save snapshots of your code (commits). View and revert changes. Work in multiple branches for different features. Merge …

Docker is an open-source platform that allows developers to build, package, and run applications in containers. Containers are lightweight, standalone, and executable units that include everything needed to run a piece of software — including the code, runtime, libraries, and system tools. Docker makes it easier to …

SSH (Secure Shell) is a cryptographic network(encryption and decryption) protocol that allows secure communication between a client and a server over an unsecured network. It encrypts all data sent between your computer and the remote machine, keeping passwords, commands, and files safe from hackers. Why SSH? SSH is …

Hi Everyone !!! This time, I want to introduce myself as WHO AM I. I should have done this earlier, but since it's never too late, here is a little introduction of WHO I AM. My name is Angel Vyas, sounds like Christian right?? But no, I'm a Hindu (Vyas). I was born and brought up in Jaipur, Rajasthan and my schooling …

Binary Search Tree (BST) in Data Structures A Binary Search Tree (BST) is a special kind of binary tree where each node follows a specific ordering property: Left Subtree: Contains nodes with values less than the node’s value. Right Subtree: Contains nodes with values greater than the node’s value. Both left and right …

In Data Structures (DS), BFS (Breadth-First Search) and DFS (Depth-First Search) are two fundamental graph traversal algorithms used to explore nodes in a graph or tree. Breadth-First Search (BFS) BFS explores a graph level by level, starting from a selected node and visiting all its neighbors before moving on to their …

Merge Sort in Data Structures Merge Sort is a popular Divide and Conquer algorithm used to sort arrays or lists efficiently. It works by recursively dividing the array into smaller halves, sorting them, and then merging the sorted halves back together. ⚙️ How Merge Sort Works Divide: Split the array into two halves …