Binary Search Tree (BST) in Data Structures A Binary Search Tree (BST) is a special kind of binary tree where each node follows a specific ordering property: Left Subtree: Contains nodes with values less than the node’s value. Right Subtree: Contains nodes with values greater than the node’s value. Both left and right …

In Data Structures (DS), BFS (Breadth-First Search) and DFS (Depth-First Search) are two fundamental graph traversal algorithms used to explore nodes in a graph or tree. Breadth-First Search (BFS) BFS explores a graph level by level, starting from a selected node and visiting all its neighbors before moving on to their …

Merge Sort in Data Structures Merge Sort is a popular Divide and Conquer algorithm used to sort arrays or lists efficiently. It works by recursively dividing the array into smaller halves, sorting them, and then merging the sorted halves back together. ⚙️ How Merge Sort Works Divide: Split the array into two halves …

A linked list is a fundamental data structure used in computer science to organize and store a collection of elements. Unlike arrays, linked lists do not require a contiguous block of memory and can efficiently handle dynamic memory allocation. Key Characteristics Nodes: A linked list is composed of nodes, where each …

A stack is a fundamental data structure in computer science that operates on a Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle. This means that the last element added to the stack is the first one to be removed. You can think of a stack like a stack of plates: you add new plates to the top and remove them from the top as well. Key …

A circular queue is a data structure that operates on a First-In, First-Out (FIFO) basis but with a circular arrangement. Unlike a linear queue, where elements are added at the rear and removed from the front, a circular queue connects the last position back to the first, forming a circle. This allows for efficient use …

A simple queue is a fundamental data structure that follows the First-In, First-Out (FIFO) principle. This means that the first element added to the queue will be the first one to be removed, just like people standing in line—whoever gets in first is served first. Key Operations in a Simple Queue: Enqueue (Insertion): …